{"id":14,"date":"2021-01-05T18:34:33","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T17:34:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/?page_id=14"},"modified":"2021-02-02T00:21:51","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T23:21:51","slug":"the-fortifications-of-copenhagen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/","title":{"rendered":"The Fortifications of Copenhagen"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Fortifications of Copenhagen were some of the greatest in Europe over the years 1896 to 1894.
\nFrom 1894 to 1912 it wasn’t developed, despite it was obvious that it already was outdated from a military perspective. The fortifications were to close to the city to protect it against a bombardement.
\nBut in 1894 it was politically agreed that the fortification should not be expanded.<\/p>\n

The politicians had the old fortifications dating from the 17th century around Copenhagen demolished in the years from 1872. The ramparts and the moats made it impossible for the city to grow.<\/p>\n

The New Fortifications<\/h5>\n

Since 1864 the defense of the country had been a hot subject in Denmark.
\nLarge groups of both senior officers and politicians had discussed this subject, specially since 1872.
\nThe debate became at times very fierce, and large parts of the population participated.<\/p>\n

The constructions<\/h5>\n
\"\"<\/a>

Sea fort 1900<\/p><\/div>\n

The government modernized the old naval forts and coastal batteries In 1880. They also commenced
\nthe constructions of a new fortifications line in 1886. These constructions caused a democratic crisis, because there were no parliamentary\u00a0 approval.<\/p>\n

The government build the fortifications for the next eight years, and in 1894 the constructions stopped.
\nAt this time 5\u00a0 forts and a number of batteries and numerous other facilities \u00b4had been built\u00a0 new defense line, The Western Enceinte, was constructed about 12 km south west of Copenhagen.
\nAt the same time some new naval and coastal forts and batteries was constructed for the naval defense.<\/p>\n

The Artillery Developments.<\/h5>\n

The fortifications of Copenhagen was a worthy opponent for any aggressor with its\u00a0 new and modern 12 and \"\"<\/a>15 cm artillery. Also the light artillery in the caponieres and the machine guns hidden behind heavy concrete walls were quite modern.
\nUnfortunately the military developments went very fast.
\nJust 20 years after the construction the artillery was technologically outdated.\u00a0 The the long range heavy artillery made it possible to shell the city in a safe distance.\u00a0 The fortifications were to big and needed too many men, and the concrete could not resist modern 42 cm. grenades weighing 900 kilos.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

The Fortifications of Copenhagen 1914<\/p><\/div>\n

The New Defence Line<\/h5>\n
\"\"

The old fortifications and the new Tune stronghold<\/p><\/div>\n

In 1909 a political agreement became the basis for a new defence line 30 km west of the city, the Tune stronghold. The army constructed the defense line in the area between the K\u00f6ge Bugt and the Roskilde Fjord. This was the narrowest point on the island of Zealand.<\/p>\n

The construction works started just after the outbreak of World War I. The army used the latest experiences from the first months of the war. The German long range heavy guns easily destroyed all the fortresses in Belgium and France. The forts surrendered simply because they were destroyed or because the sanitary conditions inside was to poor.
\nTrenches, foxholes and barbed wire replaced the imposing forts.<\/p>\n

The army abandoned most of the fortifications in 1920.\u00a0 Today you can experience a vast majority of the buildings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Fortifications of Copenhagen were some of the greatest in Europe over the years 1896 to 1894. From 1894 to 1912 it wasn’t developed, despite it was obvious that it already was outdated from a military perspective. The fortifications were to close to the city to protect it against a bombardement. But in 1894 it … <\/p>\n

L\u00e6s mere<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-onecolumn.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","nodate","item-wrap"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Fortifications of Copenhagen - The Copenhagen Fortifications 1886 -1920<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Fortifications of Copenhagen were some of the greatest in Europe over the years 1896 to 1894. in 1920 they were abandoned.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Fortifications of Copenhagen - The Copenhagen Fortifications 1886 -1920\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Fortifications of Copenhagen were some of the greatest in Europe over the years 1896 to 1894. in 1920 they were abandoned.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Copenhagen Fortifications 1886 -1920\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-01T23:21:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Proevesten_1900-150x150.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\">\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutter\">\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/#\/schema\/person\/88a492c859ea11fdd64e2f8bce5b5213\",\"name\":\"Vestvolden.eng\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"da-DK\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f05d5fc2c0b4b57cbf017419572e6cf73632471ffc539f87518c89d24b096b96?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Vestvolden.eng\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/#personlogo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\"]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/\",\"name\":\"The Copenhagen Fortifications 1886 -1920\",\"description\":\"Description of The Copenhagen Fortifications, Denmark\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/#\/schema\/person\/88a492c859ea11fdd64e2f8bce5b5213\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/?s={search_term_string}\",\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"da-DK\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"da-DK\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Proevesten_1900-150x150.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/copenhagen-fortifications.vestvolden.info\/\",\"name\":\"The Fortifications of Copenhagen - 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